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General comment Spodumene is mined in Western Australia, and after crushing, grinding, and flotation, lithium concentrate (~5% Li₂O) is produced. The relevant data comes from a diorite mine in Western Australia (0.8~0.9% Li₂O). The concentrate is transported by diesel trucks and trains to the coastal regions of Western Australia, and then shipped to China for further refining. In the refining process, the sulfuric acid roasting method is used, followed by leaching, precipitation and filtration, evaporation and concentration, precipitation washing, and drying to produce lithium sulfate. The relevant data is from Tianqi Lithium, a major cathode material producer in China. Waste treatment is estimated based on the amount of ore and water usage. |
